Linux run shell script from terminal window

indi — Mon, 12 Jan 2009 07:25:18 +0000
I don’t use shell scripts too often and had a brain dead moment on how to execute a shell script.
So, for the dummies , here’s a summary so next time I forget I can quickly look at my posts:
For Creating Shell programs
# vi filename.sh (vi is one of many text editors for linux systems)
For Running Shell Programs
# sh filename.sh
or
# chmod 744 filename.sh (you need to change the permission so you, the owner, can execute the script)
#./filename.sh
UNIX/Linux VI made easy with this reference

indi — Fri, 13 Jul 2007 10:22:35 +0000
The most common editor used in UNIX/Linix type operating systems is without a doubt VI. But it can be a pain to remember all the commands used to edit text files/configs and the like.
Here is a quick reference for more than enough commands to keep you busy.
My favourite ‘get out of trouble’ command is the ESC :wq! sequence which will quit without saving the changes I have made













									

									VI commands

									VI Reference

									
VI Reference





									

									Modes of Operation

									Entering and Leaving vi Files

									Basic Cursor Movement

									Inserting Text

									Deleting, Retrieving, and Undoing

									Changing, Replacing,and Copying Text

									Moving Around in a File

									File Manipulation

									Searching For Text

									Setting Options

									Common Option Settings

									

									Modes of Operation

									

									vi, the Unix visual editor, has two modes of operation:

									
									

										

										Command mode--This is vi's initial and normal state. In

										this mode, most commands you type are not displayed. Only commands

										preceded by :, /, or !

										are displayed on the status line, which also gives feedback about input,

										output, and large changes. Execute these commands with

										 or . Use

										 to change from text input mode to command

										mode (when in doubt, press ).

										 
										


										Text input (Insert) mode--This mode is entered by

										pressing a, A, i,

										I, o, or O. Press

										 to end text input mode and return to

										command mode.
										

									

									For more information about using vi, see the online help note

									(on Uniform Access Unix computers, enter help vi).

									
									

									The following notations are used in this document (variables

									appear in italics):

									
									



 


												x

												


												represents a single character

												


 


												x   


												control character: while holding down the

												 key, press x

												


 


												text

												


												one or more characters

												


 


												n

												


												represents a number

												


 


												pat

												


												text and pattern matching characters

												


 


												
												


												Return key on your terminal

												


 


												
												


												Escape key on your terminal

												


 


Entering and Leaving vi

												Files


 


												vi filename(s)

												


												edit a file or files

												


 


												vi -r filename

												


												retrieve saved version of file after system or editor crash

												


 


												vi -x filename

												


												edit encrypted file

												


 


												vi -wn   filename

												


												set default window size to n (useful for dial-ups)

												


 


												:wq

												


												save (write) file and exit to system prompt

												


 


												ZZ

												


												save file and exit to system prompt

												


 


												:q!

												


												discard all changes and exit to system prompt

												


 


Basic Cursor Movement


Use h, j,

												k, and l to move the cursor--using

												arrow keys may result in undesirable consequences


 


												h

												


												move cursor left one character

												


 


												j

												


												move cursor down one line

												


 


												k

												


												move cursor up one line

												


 


												l

												


												move cursor right one character

												




												(Any of the above commands preceded by n will move the

												cursor n spaces or lines in the indicated direction.)

												


 


Inserting Text




												(If n precedes an insert character, n copies of

												inserted text are added upon escape from insertion mode.)

												


 


												a

												


												begin insert at right of cursor

												


 


												A

												


												begin insert at end of line

												


 


												i

												


												begin insert at left of cursor

												


 


												I

												


												insert at beginning of line

												


 


												o

												


												open line below, ready for insertion

												


 


												O

												


												open line above, ready for insertion

												


 


												S

												


												replace text with blank line; begin insertion at beginning of that line

												


 


												i

												


												insert tab

												


 


												v

												


												insert non-printing character

												


 


												
												


												erase character (invisible until over-typed or insert mode escaped)

												


 


												
												


												terminate insert mode; also terminates unwanted commands

												


 


Deleting,

												Retrieving, and Undoing


 


												dw

												


												delete word

												


 


												dd

												


												delete line

												


 


												yw

												


												yank word into buffer

												


 


												yy

												


												yank line into buffer

												


 


												x

												


												delete character

												


 


												D

												


												delete characters from cursor to end of line

												


 


												ndw

												


												delete n words into buffer

												


 
ndd

												


												delete n lines into buffer

												


 
nyw

												


												yank n words into buffer

												


 
nyy

												


												yank n lines into buffer

												


 
nx

												


												delete n characters into buffer

												


 


												p

												


												put buffer contents after cursor

												


 


												P

												


												put buffer contents before cursor

												


 


												u

												


												undo last single change

												


 


												U

												


												restore current line

												


 


Changing, Replacing,

												and Copying Text


 


												.

												


												repeat last change

												


 
n.

												


												repeat last change n times

												


 


												cwtext


												mark end of a word with $ and change to text

												(press  to end)


 


												rx


												replace character under cursor with character x

												


 
nrx

												


												replace n characters with character x

												


 
Rtext

												


												write over existing text, ( to end)

												


 


												J

												


												join succeeding line to current cursor line

												


 
:s/pat1/pat2

												


												on the current line, substitute the first occurence of pattern 1 with

												pattern 2 


 
:s/pat1/pat2/g

												


												on the current line, substitute all occurences of pattern 1 with pattern 2

												


 


												:&

												


												;repeat the last :s request

												


 
:%s/pat1/pat2/g

												


												substitute all occurences of pattern 1 with pattern 2 throughout the file

												


 
:.,$s/pat1/pat2/g

												


												substitute all occurences of pattern 1 with pattern 2 from cursor to end

												of file


 


Moving Around in a

												File


 


												g

												


												ascertain line number of current line

												


 


												G

												


												go to end of file

												


 
nG


												go to line n

												


 


												or +


												move cursor to beginning of next line

												


 


												-

												


												move to beginning of previous line

												


 
w

												or nw


												move one word or n words to the right

												


 
b

												or nb


												move one word or n words to the left

												


 


												)

												


												move to next sentence

												


 


												(

												


												move to previous sentence

												


 


												}

												


												move to next paragraph

												


 


												{

												


												move to previous paragraph

												


 


												d

												


												scroll down one-half screen

												


 


												u

												


												scroll up one-half screen

												


 


												l

												


												clear and redraw the screen

												


 
mx

												


												mark cursor position with character x

												


 
`x

												


												move to position marked with x

												


 
d`x

												


												delete text from marked x to cursor

												


 
y`x

												


												yank text from marked x to cursor

												




												Note: If you precede the mark letter with '

												(apostrophe) instead of ` (grave accent), the action will

												apply to the entire line the mark is in, not the exact marked

												location.


 


File

												Manipulation


 
:rfile

												


												read in a file beginning on the line below the current line

												


 


												:w

												


												save and remain in current file

												


 


												:wq

												


												save file and quit

												


 


												:q

												


												quit (leave unedited file)

												


 


												:q!

												


												quit and do not save changes

												


 
:!command

												


												run single Unix command while editing (press

												 to return to file)

												


 


												:sh

												


												obtain temporary shell (D to return to

												file being edited)

												


 
:n,mml

												


												move lines numbered n through m after line l

												


 
:n,mtl

												


												make a copy of lines numbered n through m and put

												after line l


 
:n,mwfile

												


												write lines numbered n through m to file

												


 
:n,mw>>file

												


												append lines numbered n through m to end of file

												


 
:'a,'bwfile

												


												write block, marked with a and b, to file

												


 


Searching For Text


 
/pat

												


												go to pattern pat (forward in file from current cursor position)

												


 
?pat

												


												go to pattern pat (backward in file from current cursor position)

												


 


												n

												


												repeat last search, looking in direction of initial search

												


 


												N

												


												repeat last search, looking in reverse direction of initial search

												


 


												%

												


												find matching ( ) or { } or

												[ ] (can be used in combination with

												/,?,n, or

												N to search for matching brackets throughout file)

												


 


Setting Options




												Options are either toggled on and off, or given values. When

												editing, set options for a file with the set command.

												If you want options to be permanent in a particular directory, create a

												.exrc file in that directory and set options in that

												file: set option option option=n. (For

												example, set ai sm sw=4.) If you want certain option

												settings to apply throughout your Unix environment, edit your

												.login file by entering  setenv

												EXINIT'set option option option=n' (for example,

												setenv EXINIT'set ai sw wm=10').

												




												The values in a .exrc file for a directory will

												override the values of EXINIT in the .login file. If no

												.exrc file exists, any option values set in the

												.login are used. If some option values are set in the

												.exrc file and others are set in the

												.login file, values from both files are used.

												


 


												:set all

												


												displays all option settings on your terminal

												


 


												:set

												


												displays settings set by EXINIT, the

												.exrc file, and any current changes

												


 
:set option

												


												sets option

												


 
:set option=n

												


												sets option and assigns it the value of n

												


 
:set nooption

												


												unsets option

												


 
:set option?

												


												displays setting of option on screen status line

												


 


Common Option

												Selections




												(To see a complete list of options, enter :set all.)

												






 


												Option Name

												


												Default

												


												What Option Does

												


 
autoindent (ai)

												


												noai

												


												provides automatic indentation during text entry

												


 
autowrite (aw)

												


												noaw

												


												automatically saves file (write) before searches, control codes, escapes

												to shell

												


 
ignorecase (ic)

												


												noic

												


												ignore case during searchs

												


 


												lisp

												


												nolisp

												


												modify )( }{ ][ to be compatible with lisp

												


 


												list

												


												nolist

												


												show tabs (^I) and ends of lines ($)

												


 


												magic

												


												magic

												


												allows metacharacters; with nomagic, these only include

												 and $

												


 
number (nu)

												


												nonu

												


												show line numbers

												


 
readonly (ro)

												


												noro

												


												make file status read only

												


 
redraw (re)

												


												nore

												


												simulate smart terminal on dumb

												


 


												shell

												


												sh=/bin/sh

												


												pathname of new shell for ! and :sh

												(default from $SHELL if present)

												


 
showmatch (sm)

												


												nosm

												


												show matching ( or { when

												) or } is entered

												


 


												term

												


												$TERM

												


												name of terminal being used; set by Unix $TERM

												


 


												terse

												


												noterse

												


												provide shorter error diagnostics

												


 
wrapmargin (wm)

												


												wm=0

												


												cause lines to be broken at least n spaces from right edge of

												screen
Look for IT over here » UNIX

Linux run shell script from terminal window

UNIX/Linux VI made easy with this reference

VI Reference
