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Reset Opensuse root password

indi — Wed, 06 Oct 2010 04:27:38 +0000

Forgotten the root password to your linux system? Don’t want to reinstall and lose your files or are you just plain lazy? Here is an easy way to reset the root password if you ever find yourself in that situation.

I must admit, I was surprised how easy it was. I had an old test box at home, and was too lazy to rebuild it so I did a bit of searching on the internet. What I describe below worked on OpenSuse 11.2, 11.3 and also 10.3.

For other distros and version, I cannot guarantee that it will work. But please leave a comment at the end of the post to let me and others know.

Turn the computer on and select the normal boot menu from the list:

Once selected, tab down to the “Boot Options” box and type in the following:

init=/bin/bash if you are using GRUB Boot loader

linux init=/bin/bash if you are using LILO Boot Loader

If you are not sure what sort of bootloader you are using (and I certainly didn’t), I did notice that just before the boot screen appeared there flashed a quick message indicating the grub bootloader was there.

This will throw you straight into a Bash shell prompt which comes up even before the Single User mode loads and has the “/” root file system mounted. How cool is that?

Do a mount command to check if the root file system “/” is mounted as Read-Write.

If you notice the screenshot below, you will see that mine was mounted.

Next, simply type the passwd command and enter a new password (as per below):

opensuse_linux:~ # passwd
Changing password for root
New Password:
Reenter New Password:
Password changed

Type in reboot and that’s pretty much it:

opensuse_linux:~ # reboot

Now, if you’re thinking that your system in insecure because you can change the root password so easily, bear in mind that you will need physical access to the box in order to perform the above. Furthermore, you can secure things a bit by password protecting the BIOS of even the bootloader if so desired.

Hopefully, the above will work for you and save you a bit of heartache if you forget/lose your root password.

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Build me a PC part 1

indi — Fri, 07 Aug 2009 04:32:31 +0000

One of my friends wanted me to build a PC from scratch, with the parts HE wanted (rather than a pre built one). So I thought ‘lets blog it from the very beginning to the end’.

The challenge – a decent PC (not for gaming but one with a bit of grunt and the ability to run some virtual OS’s too)
The budget – about AUD$500 but as a guide only. There was room for movement (just as well)

So the research began. AMD or intel CPU? What sort of motherboard? How much RAM? What sort of graphics card? And certainly how big a power supply to run it all? And after the hardware was sorted out, what OS did he want to run?

After much deliberation, we decided on the following hardware (or very similar):

AMD X4 Phenom II 9650 CPU (the general consensus was a quad core of some kind)
Gigabyte motherboard
4Gig RAM
Sunflower case of some sort (a workmate told me they are pretty good)
ATI graphics card (at least 512M)
1TB Seagate Barracuda HDD
SATA DVD burner

As far as the OS was concerned, my friend decided on wanting to run OpenSuse 11.1 as the main OS, and probably Vista X64 in a virtual image for the stuff he could not find Linux equivalents for.

So, off to the shop I went with him to buy all the gear.

Next post, I will share what harwdware we ended up getting and the total cost …..

Linux run shell script from terminal window

indi — Mon, 12 Jan 2009 07:25:18 +0000

I don’t use shell scripts too often and had a brain dead moment on how to execute a shell script.

So, for the dummies , here’s a summary so next time I forget I can quickly look at my posts:

For Creating Shell programs
# vi filename.sh (vi is one of many text editors for linux systems)

For Running Shell Programs
# sh filename.sh
or
# chmod 744 filename.sh (you need to change the permission so you, the owner, can execute the script)
#./filename.sh

Linux software equivalents

indi — Sat, 19 Jan 2008 00:00:57 +0000

Just made the switch to Linux from Windows (or even OS X?) and are having trouble finding software similar/equivalent to what you are used to?

Yes, the linux learning curve is steep but rewarding when you do start working it all out.

Here is a good website that lists the Windows/OS X software and the linux equivalents.

In a lot of cases there are multiple options which is good. You aren’t tied down to one thing which you may not like.

Home surveillance with Linux and Zoneminder made easy – Part II

indi — Sun, 30 Dec 2007 22:29:06 +0000

My last post I gave a quick overview of my hardware (PC, camera and capture card) that I was using on my surveillance system. This post I will explain what OS and software I use.

My operating system of choice for this ‘project’ was SUSE. The initial reason was that learning Linux is (in my opinion) a bit easier because if I got stuck with the command line, I could always fall back (ie cheat) with the GUI which I found quite comfortable to use. Other Linux distros I had difficulty using. I am currently using SUSE 10.2 – a vast improvement over 9.3 which I previously used on another one of my boxes at home.

Next was the software. As I said in my previous post, I had troubles getting windows drivers to work, and when that was sorted out, I could not find any suitable software (for my needs anyway). The PICO2000 software looks like what I was after, but as I wanted to use/learn Linux, I found a great product called Zoneminder.

First looks at Zoneminder indicated that that it was a popular (and free) piece of software, great support and very customizable for your own needs. What the hell – I’ll give it a go.

I first installed Zoneminder a couple of years back all via the CLI – not a problem if you are conversant with the file structure of Linux, TAR etc. But it was a steep learning curve for me. I worked it all out in the end, but an easier way (if you’re using SUSE) is to install the RPM using YaST. Here is the link for the SUSE RPMs. The beauty of doing it via YaST is that it can resolve your dependancies for you, so all the appropriate packages can be installed in one hit.

Anyway, I installed it without too many hassles. Next post I will show you some of the features and my setup.

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Home surveillance with Linux and Zoneminder made easy – Part I

indi — Sat, 10 Nov 2007 12:38:43 +0000

Want to set up a home surveillance system at home while having a bit of fun?

Here’s a bit of a guide of what to do – or more so what I did and how.

Originally this started as a bit of a project in my spare time, but after some teenage idiots decided to throw rocks and eggs at our place one night, it became more of a security thing as I wanted to catch those bastards!

Anyway, back to the good stuff. Not having a big budget, I decided to do a bit of reading and find how much a cheap setup would cost me.

First of all I needed a dedicated PC that I could ‘break’ and it wouldn’t be a drama. Easy – I have a few lying around here and decided to go with a IBM Net Vista PIII 850 with 256M RAM and a 40 Gig hard drive. It’s nothing flash but a good stable PC. I also needed a video capture (DVR) card and a camera. That’s where Ebay came in.

Ebay have these cheap 4 port capture (DVR) cards that you can pick up for about $10. There are a few different types, and if you pay a few more dollars you can get one that processes more frames per second (fps) at a time.

One thing I did read quite often is that with these cheap cards, if you think you can run 4 cameras at real time, then you are dreaming. One or two cameras is bit more realistic. Don’t forget this was more of a project.

The card I got was called a Pico 2000 DVR card
(Please take note of comment #1 at the end of the post),
and looks like this:

The card comes with Windows drivers, and I can tell you now that getting this card to work under Windows (XP) was a real pain (and didn’t work with the drivers supplied) . I will do a separate article about using this under Windows as it deserves its own post. I ended up using Linux for my project.

Now, the camera – again from Ebay. Search for ‘Nightvision camera’ and see how many results come up. You have a few options here as well. Whether you want a wired or wireless camera, color or B/W, and of course what physical size.

Here’s what I chose (but in a cream case). It’s a wired color camera, with 18 LEDs that does enable a bit of seeing in the dark:

To connect the camera to the DVR card, I will use coax cable and terminate RCA plugs at either end. Not too hard to do if you’re handy with a soldering iron. Note: As you can see there are two connectors for the camera. One is for the video signal, and the other is for power, which comes from a standard plug pack transformer.

Next article, I will get into the OS and software that i used.

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UNIX/Linux VI made easy with this reference

indi — Fri, 13 Jul 2007 10:22:35 +0000

The most common editor used in UNIX/Linix type operating systems is without a doubt VI. But it can be a pain to remember all the commands used to edit text files/configs and the like.

Here is a quick reference for more than enough commands to keep you busy.

My favourite ‘get out of trouble’ command is the ESC :wq! sequence which will quit without saving the changes I have made














									

									VI commands

									VI Reference

									
VI Reference





									

									Modes of Operation

									Entering and Leaving vi Files

									Basic Cursor Movement

									Inserting Text

									Deleting, Retrieving, and Undoing

									Changing, Replacing,and Copying Text

									Moving Around in a File

									File Manipulation

									Searching For Text

									Setting Options

									Common Option Settings

									

									Modes of Operation

									

									vi, the Unix visual editor, has two modes of operation:

									
									

										

										Command mode--This is vi's initial and normal state. In

										this mode, most commands you type are not displayed. Only commands

										preceded by :, /, or !

										are displayed on the status line, which also gives feedback about input,

										output, and large changes. Execute these commands with

										 or . Use

										 to change from text input mode to command

										mode (when in doubt, press ).

										 
										


										Text input (Insert) mode--This mode is entered by

										pressing a, A, i,

										I, o, or O. Press

										 to end text input mode and return to

										command mode.
										

									

									For more information about using vi, see the online help note

									(on Uniform Access Unix computers, enter help vi).

									
									

									The following notations are used in this document (variables

									appear in italics):

									
									



 


												x

												


												represents a single character

												


 


												x   


												control character: while holding down the

												 key, press x

												


 


												text

												


												one or more characters

												


 


												n

												


												represents a number

												


 


												pat

												


												text and pattern matching characters

												


 


												
												


												Return key on your terminal

												


 


												
												


												Escape key on your terminal

												


 


Entering and Leaving vi

												Files


 


												vi filename(s)

												


												edit a file or files

												


 


												vi -r filename

												


												retrieve saved version of file after system or editor crash

												


 


												vi -x filename

												


												edit encrypted file

												


 


												vi -wn   filename

												


												set default window size to n (useful for dial-ups)

												


 


												:wq

												


												save (write) file and exit to system prompt

												


 


												ZZ

												


												save file and exit to system prompt

												


 


												:q!

												


												discard all changes and exit to system prompt

												


 


Basic Cursor Movement


Use h, j,

												k, and l to move the cursor--using

												arrow keys may result in undesirable consequences


 


												h

												


												move cursor left one character

												


 


												j

												


												move cursor down one line

												


 


												k

												


												move cursor up one line

												


 


												l

												


												move cursor right one character

												




												(Any of the above commands preceded by n will move the

												cursor n spaces or lines in the indicated direction.)

												


 


Inserting Text




												(If n precedes an insert character, n copies of

												inserted text are added upon escape from insertion mode.)

												


 


												a

												


												begin insert at right of cursor

												


 


												A

												


												begin insert at end of line

												


 


												i

												


												begin insert at left of cursor

												


 


												I

												


												insert at beginning of line

												


 


												o

												


												open line below, ready for insertion

												


 


												O

												


												open line above, ready for insertion

												


 


												S

												


												replace text with blank line; begin insertion at beginning of that line

												


 


												i

												


												insert tab

												


 


												v

												


												insert non-printing character

												


 


												
												


												erase character (invisible until over-typed or insert mode escaped)

												


 


												
												


												terminate insert mode; also terminates unwanted commands

												


 


Deleting,

												Retrieving, and Undoing


 


												dw

												


												delete word

												


 


												dd

												


												delete line

												


 


												yw

												


												yank word into buffer

												


 


												yy

												


												yank line into buffer

												


 


												x

												


												delete character

												


 


												D

												


												delete characters from cursor to end of line

												


 


												ndw

												


												delete n words into buffer

												


 
ndd

												


												delete n lines into buffer

												


 
nyw

												


												yank n words into buffer

												


 
nyy

												


												yank n lines into buffer

												


 
nx

												


												delete n characters into buffer

												


 


												p

												


												put buffer contents after cursor

												


 


												P

												


												put buffer contents before cursor

												


 


												u

												


												undo last single change

												


 


												U

												


												restore current line

												


 


Changing, Replacing,

												and Copying Text


 


												.

												


												repeat last change

												


 
n.

												


												repeat last change n times

												


 


												cwtext


												mark end of a word with $ and change to text

												(press  to end)


 


												rx


												replace character under cursor with character x

												


 
nrx

												


												replace n characters with character x

												


 
Rtext

												


												write over existing text, ( to end)

												


 


												J

												


												join succeeding line to current cursor line

												


 
:s/pat1/pat2

												


												on the current line, substitute the first occurence of pattern 1 with

												pattern 2 


 
:s/pat1/pat2/g

												


												on the current line, substitute all occurences of pattern 1 with pattern 2

												


 


												:&

												


												;repeat the last :s request

												


 
:%s/pat1/pat2/g

												


												substitute all occurences of pattern 1 with pattern 2 throughout the file

												


 
:.,$s/pat1/pat2/g

												


												substitute all occurences of pattern 1 with pattern 2 from cursor to end

												of file


 


Moving Around in a

												File


 


												g

												


												ascertain line number of current line

												


 


												G

												


												go to end of file

												


 
nG


												go to line n

												


 


												or +


												move cursor to beginning of next line

												


 


												-

												


												move to beginning of previous line

												


 
w

												or nw


												move one word or n words to the right

												


 
b

												or nb


												move one word or n words to the left

												


 


												)

												


												move to next sentence

												


 


												(

												


												move to previous sentence

												


 


												}

												


												move to next paragraph

												


 


												{

												


												move to previous paragraph

												


 


												d

												


												scroll down one-half screen

												


 


												u

												


												scroll up one-half screen

												


 


												l

												


												clear and redraw the screen

												


 
mx

												


												mark cursor position with character x

												


 
`x

												


												move to position marked with x

												


 
d`x

												


												delete text from marked x to cursor

												


 
y`x

												


												yank text from marked x to cursor

												




												Note: If you precede the mark letter with '

												(apostrophe) instead of ` (grave accent), the action will

												apply to the entire line the mark is in, not the exact marked

												location.


 


File

												Manipulation


 
:rfile

												


												read in a file beginning on the line below the current line

												


 


												:w

												


												save and remain in current file

												


 


												:wq

												


												save file and quit

												


 


												:q

												


												quit (leave unedited file)

												


 


												:q!

												


												quit and do not save changes

												


 
:!command

												


												run single Unix command while editing (press

												 to return to file)

												


 


												:sh

												


												obtain temporary shell (D to return to

												file being edited)

												


 
:n,mml

												


												move lines numbered n through m after line l

												


 
:n,mtl

												


												make a copy of lines numbered n through m and put

												after line l


 
:n,mwfile

												


												write lines numbered n through m to file

												


 
:n,mw>>file

												


												append lines numbered n through m to end of file

												


 
:'a,'bwfile

												


												write block, marked with a and b, to file

												


 


Searching For Text


 
/pat

												


												go to pattern pat (forward in file from current cursor position)

												


 
?pat

												


												go to pattern pat (backward in file from current cursor position)

												


 


												n

												


												repeat last search, looking in direction of initial search

												


 


												N

												


												repeat last search, looking in reverse direction of initial search

												


 


												%

												


												find matching ( ) or { } or

												[ ] (can be used in combination with

												/,?,n, or

												N to search for matching brackets throughout file)

												


 


Setting Options




												Options are either toggled on and off, or given values. When

												editing, set options for a file with the set command.

												If you want options to be permanent in a particular directory, create a

												.exrc file in that directory and set options in that

												file: set option option option=n. (For

												example, set ai sm sw=4.) If you want certain option

												settings to apply throughout your Unix environment, edit your

												.login file by entering  setenv

												EXINIT'set option option option=n' (for example,

												setenv EXINIT'set ai sw wm=10').

												




												The values in a .exrc file for a directory will

												override the values of EXINIT in the .login file. If no

												.exrc file exists, any option values set in the

												.login are used. If some option values are set in the

												.exrc file and others are set in the

												.login file, values from both files are used.

												


 


												:set all

												


												displays all option settings on your terminal

												


 


												:set

												


												displays settings set by EXINIT, the

												.exrc file, and any current changes

												


 
:set option

												


												sets option

												


 
:set option=n

												


												sets option and assigns it the value of n

												


 
:set nooption

												


												unsets option

												


 
:set option?

												


												displays setting of option on screen status line

												


 


Common Option

												Selections




												(To see a complete list of options, enter :set all.)

												






 


												Option Name

												


												Default

												


												What Option Does

												


 
autoindent (ai)

												


												noai

												


												provides automatic indentation during text entry

												


 
autowrite (aw)

												


												noaw

												


												automatically saves file (write) before searches, control codes, escapes

												to shell

												


 
ignorecase (ic)

												


												noic

												


												ignore case during searchs

												


 


												lisp

												


												nolisp

												


												modify )( }{ ][ to be compatible with lisp

												


 


												list

												


												nolist

												


												show tabs (^I) and ends of lines ($)

												


 


												magic

												


												magic

												


												allows metacharacters; with nomagic, these only include

												 and $

												


 
number (nu)

												


												nonu

												


												show line numbers

												


 
readonly (ro)

												


												noro

												


												make file status read only

												


 
redraw (re)

												


												nore

												


												simulate smart terminal on dumb

												


 


												shell

												


												sh=/bin/sh

												


												pathname of new shell for ! and :sh

												(default from $SHELL if present)

												


 
showmatch (sm)

												


												nosm

												


												show matching ( or { when

												) or } is entered

												


 


												term

												


												$TERM

												


												name of terminal being used; set by Unix $TERM

												


 


												terse

												


												noterse

												


												provide shorter error diagnostics

												


 
wrapmargin (wm)

												


												wm=0

												


												cause lines to be broken at least n spaces from right edge of

												screen